6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (or as short name: AQC or AccQ-Tag)
is a highly efficient fluorogenic reagent used for the pre-column derivatization of primary and secondary amines. It is very important in modern bioanalytics for the high-sensitivity detection of amino acids and peptides using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS).
Chemical Mechanism and Reaction of AQC:
AQC is an activated carbamate that reacts rapidly with amino groups to form stable, asymmetric derivatives of urea.
Rapid Kinetics: The reaction is nearly instantaneous, occurring within seconds.
Optimal Conditions: Derivatization typically requires an alkaline environment with a pH between 8.2 and 10.1 (often achieved with borate buffer).
Byproducts: Excess reagent that does not react with amines is slowly hydrolyzed into 6-aminoquinoline (AMQ), N-hydroxysuccinimide, and carbon dioxide. Because AMQ fluoresces only weakly at the target wavelengths, it does not significantly interfere with the analysis of the amino acid adducts.
Analytical Advantages:
AQC offers several superior features compared to traditional reagents like OPA (ortho-phthalaldehyde) or PITC (phenylisothiocyanate):
High Sensitivity: It enables detection at femtomole to low picomole levels.
Exceptional Stability: Derivatized samples are extremely stable and can be stored at room temperature for up to one week without significant signal loss, facilitating automated batch processing.
Broad Compatibility: It effectively labels both primary and secondary amines.
Mass Spectrometry Enhancement: Beyond fluorescence, AQC tagging improves the ionization efficiency of analytes for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) applications.
Diverse Applications:
Due to its reliability, AQC is utilized across various scientific and industrial sectors:
Food Science: Analyzing amino acid composition in infant formulas, wine, grains, and animal feed.
Authentication: Screening the source of commercial gelatins (e.g., distinguishing bovine from porcine or fish) to meet dietary and religious requirements.
Biotechnology: Peptide mapping and protein sequence analysis, particularly for complex drugs like glatiramer acetate.
Clinical Research: Targeted metabolomics for discovering disease biomarkers in physiological fluids such as blood plasma.
Stereochemistry: When paired with chiral stationary phases, AQC allows for the separation of D- and L-amino acid enantiomers.
Safety and Handling:
AQC is typically provided as a solid powder and should be stored under inert gas in a refrigerator. It is classified as a hazardous substance (Skin/Eye Irritant, Category 2), so standard laboratory safety protocols, including the use of gloves and eye protection, are mandatory. High-quality versions of the reagent (≥99% purity) is delivered from our company
D-Luciferin potassium salt (order# BC219) is a highly water-soluble, premium-grade bioluminescent substrate extensively used as a reporter for the enzyme Firefly Luciferase (from Photinus pyralis). As a cornerstone of actual molecular biology and molecular imaging, it facilitates the sensitive detection of biological processes by converting chemical energy into light.
The mechanism and applications of D-Luciferin potassium salt (order# BC219) are typical in an ATP-dependent reaction, where luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of D-luciferin to oxyluciferin, yielding a high-intensity bioluminescent signal.
This reaction of the D-Luciferin potassium salt (order# BC219) is fundamental for:
In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI): Monitoring tumor growth, gene expression, and therapeutic efficacy in living animal models due to the substrate’s excellent bioavailability and tissue penetration.
Reporter Gene Assays: Quantifying gene expression levels in transfected cell lines with high signal-to-noise ratios.
ATP & Cell Viability Analysis: Detecting metabolic activity and infinitesimal levels of ATP in various biological samples.
Pathogen Tracking: Real-time visualization of bacterial or viral infections in preclinical research.
Our D-Luciferin potassium salt BC219 (the potassium salt of the free acid S039) is wordwide used in the cancer research. A lot of researchers have used our high quality D-Luciferin potassium salt so far.
You can find more information by searching for the key words “materials and methods” together with “D-Luciferin” and “Synchem”.
The CoA BC219 is typical; high quality is guaranteed.
Coelenterazine is a luminophore found in aquatic organisms and is the substrate for many luciferase enzymes, including Renilla reniformis, Gaussia and aequorins. It is commonly used for bioluminescent calcium detection and the monitoring of reporter genes in BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer), ELISA and HTS methods as well as chemiluminescent detection of superoxide anions and peroxynitrite in cells or tissues.
The S-HyNic (succinimidyl-6-hydrazino-nicotinamide) heterobifunctional crosslinker is fundamental to Chromaling. S-HyNic reacts with primary amines of proteins (amino group of glycine) or amino-modified oligonucleotides or surfaces, introducing a HyNic (6-hydrazinonicotinamide) linker that forms stable covalent conjugates with biomolecules possessing 4FB (4-formylbenzamide) incorporated linkers.
D-Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. The water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme uses ATP and Mg-Ion as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death indicator.
Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology family and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. This is often made by the use of the D-Luciferin sodium salt (BC218), because of it`s good solubility in water and tolerance of living organism. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).
Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.
Firefly Luciferin is identical to Beetle Luciferin.
Folic Acid NHS Ester is a derivative of Folic Acid, a vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
